English (en-US)

Name

Yehudi Menuhin

Biography

Yehudi Menuhin, Baron Menuhin, (22 April 1916 – 12 March 1999) was an American-born violinist and conductor who spent most of his performing career in Britain. He is widely considered one of the great violinists of the 20th century. He played the Soil Stradivarius, considered one of the finest violins made by Italian luthier Antonio Stradivari.

Yehudi Menuhin was born in New York City to a family of Lithuanian Jews. Through his father Moshe, he was descended from a rabbinical dynasty. In late 1919, Moshe and his wife Marutha (née Sher) became American citizens, and changed the family name from Mnuchin to Menuhin. Menuhin's sisters were concert pianist and human rights activist Hephzibah, and pianist, painter and poet Yaltah.

Menuhin's first violin instruction was at age four by Sigmund Anker (1891–1958); his parents had wanted Louis Persinger to teach him, but Persinger refused. Menuhin displayed exceptional musical talent at an early age. His first public appearance took place as an accompanist to another child prodigy, pianist Viola Walters, at the Imperial Theater’s Golden Hour Saturday matinee on January 21, 1921. Menuhin was five years old at the time. Two years later, when he was seven years old, Menuhin appeared as solo violinist with the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra in 1923. Persinger then agreed to teach him and accompanied him on the piano for his first few solo recordings in 1928–29.

Julia Boyd records: " On 12 April 1929 it [the Semperoper] cancelled its advertised programme to make way for a performance by the twelve-year-old Yehudi Menuhin. That night he played the Bach, Beethoven and Brahms violin concertos to an ecstatic audience ... The week before, Yehudi had played in Berlin with the Philharmonic under Bruno Walter to an equally rapturous response."

A newspaper critic said of his Berlin performance: "There steps a fat little blond boy on the podium, and wins at once all hearts as in an irresistibly ludicrous way, like a penguin, he alternately places one foot down, then the other. But wait: you will stop laughing when he puts his bow to the violin to play Bach's violin concerto in E major no.2."

When the Menuhins moved to Paris, Persinger suggested Menuhin go to Persinger's old teacher, Belgian virtuoso and pedagogue Eugène Ysaÿe. Menuhin did have one lesson with Ysaÿe, but he disliked Ysaÿe's teaching method and his advanced age. Instead, he went to Romanian composer and violinist George Enescu, under whose tutelage he made recordings with several piano accompanists, including his sister Hephzibah. He was also a student of Adolf Busch in Basel. He stayed in the Swiss city for a bit more than a year, where he started to take lessons in German and Italian as well.

According to Henry A. Murray, Menuhin wrote: "Actually, I was gazing in my usual state of being half absent in my own world and half in the present. I have usually been able to "retire" in this way. I was also thinking that my life was tied up with the instrument and would I do it justice?" — Yehudi Menuhin, personal communication, 31 October 1993. ...

Source: Article "Yehudi Menuhin" from Wikipedia in English, licensed under CC-BY-SA 3.0.

French (fr-FR)

Name
Biography

Lord Yehudi Menuhin est un violoniste et chef d'orchestre britannique (il sera fait baron Menuhin of Stoke d'Abernon en reconnaissance de ses talents musicaux) d'origine américaine, né le 22 avril 1916 à New York et mort le 12 mars 1999 à Berlin. Il est un enfant prodige, se produisant dès 1927 à Paris avec l'Orchestre Lamoureux et à New York au Carnegie Hall. Il est considéré comme l'un des plus grands violonistes du XXe siècle.

Son père, Moshe Menuhin, et sa mère, Marutha, se rencontrent à Jaffa, puis, plus tard, par hasard, à New York, où ils se marient et ont leur premier enfant. Sa mère l'appelle Yehudi, afin qu'il n'y ait aucune ambiguïté sur ses origines juives. En 1917, la famille déménage à San Francisco où le père est surintendant de plusieurs écoles hébraïques. Appréciant la musique classique, ils vont écouter l'orchestre symphonique de San Francisco. Yehudi, qui n'a encore que trois ans, est impressionné par le violoniste Louis Persinger. Deux sœurs naissent, Hephzibah et Yaltah. Yehudi s'ennuie à l'école et, vers cinq ans, sa mère décide de l'en retirer, lui donnant un enseignement à domicile et commençant à lui faire apprendre le violon sérieusement. Après avoir essayé plusieurs professeurs, on sollicite Louis Persinger, qui finit par accepter. Les premiers mois sont durs. Yehudi se demande «Quand serai-je capable de vibrer?». Il persévère, étudiant tous les jours, le matin et l'après-midi car «il faut le faire tous les jours, il faut que ce soit aussi facile et naturel pour l'artiste que de voler pour un oiseau, et on n'imagine pas un oiseau dire: eh bien, je suis fatigué aujourd'hui, je ne vais pas voler». À San Francisco, il gagne 200 dollars en jouant le 2e mouvement du concerto de Mendelssohn, dans le seul concours de violon auquel il participera.

En 1927, Yehudi Menuhin devient l'élève de Georges Enesco, qui sera son maître le plus marquant, au point de rester toujours à ses yeux «l'Absolu». Enesco demande à Paul Paray, président des Concerts Lamoureux, de l'auditionner. Yehudi Menuhin joue la Symphonie espagnole de Lalo qui enthousiasme Paul Paray, lequel lui demande alors de venir la jouer devant le public parisien en tant que soliste avec l'Orchestre Lamoureux. C'est le premier récital en Europe de Yéhudi Menuhin, un triomphe dont la presse fait écho. Il n'a que 10 ans. Le 25 novembre 1927, il joue le concerto de Beethoven à Carnegie Hall avec le New York Symphony Orchestra dirigé par Fritz Busch, et c'est encore un succès. Son premier disque est enregistré en 1928. Sa carrière est définitivement lancée. ...

Source: Article "Yehudi Menuhin" de Wikipédia en français, soumis à la licence CC-BY-SA 3.0.

German (de-DE)

Name
Biography

Yehudi Menuhin, Baron Menuhin, OM, KBE (* 22. April 1916 in New York als Yehudi Mnuchin; † 12. März 1999 in Berlin) war ein von Geburt US-amerikanischer, ab 1970 auch schweizerischer und ab 1985 auch britischer Violinist, Bratschist und Dirigent. Er zählt zu den bedeutendsten Geigenvirtuosen des 20. Jahrhunderts. Neben seiner Tätigkeit als Solist und Dirigent gründete Menuhin ab 1957 Institutionen und Projekte in verschiedenen Ländern zur Förderung der Musik.

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