Kenneth Clarke Spearman (January 9, 1914 – January 26, 1985), nicknamed Klook, was an American jazz drummer and bandleader. A major innovator of the bebop style of drumming, he pioneered the use of the ride cymbal to keep time rather than the hi-hat, along with the use of the bass drum for irregular accents ("dropping bombs").

Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, he was orphaned at the age of about five and began playing the drums when he was eight or nine on the urging of a teacher at his orphanage. Turning professional in 1931 at the age of seventeen, he moved to New York City in 1935 when he began to establish his drumming style and reputation. As the house drummer at Minton's Playhouse in the early 1940s, he participated in the after-hours jams that led to the birth of bebop. After military service in the US and Europe between 1943 and 1946, he returned to New York, but from 1948 to 1951 he was mostly based in Paris. He stayed in New York between 1951 and 1956, performing with the Modern Jazz Quartet and playing on early Miles Davis recordings. He then moved permanently to Paris, where he performed and recorded with European and visiting American musicians and co-led the Kenny Clarke/Francy Boland Big Band between 1961 and 1972. He continued to perform and record until the month before he died of a heart attack in January 1985.

Clarke was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on January 9, 1914 as the youngest of two sons, to Martha Grace Scott, a pianist from Pittsburgh, and Charles Spearman, a trombonist from Waycross, Georgia. The family home was on Wylie Avenue in the Lower Hill District of Pittsburgh. Clarke's father left the household to start a new family in Yakima, Washington, and his mother, who began a relationship with a Baptist preacher shortly afterwards, died suddenly in her late twenties when Clarke was about five, leaving him an orphan. He and his brother were placed in the Coleman Industrial Home for Negro Boys. He played in the orphanage's marching band on the snare drum, which he had taken up on the urging of a teacher at about age eight or nine, after trying a few brass instruments. When he was young he also played the piano, on which his mother had taught him to play simple tunes, along with the pump organ at the parish church, for which he played hymns and composed pieces that were introduced there. At the age of eleven or twelve, he and his brother resumed living with his stepfather, who did not look favorably upon music or associating with those involved with it. He dropped out of Herron Hill Junior High School at the age of fifteen to become a professional musician. Around the same time, his stepfather threw Clarke and his brother out of his house after an argument, and Clarke was placed without his brother in a foster home, where he lived for about a year until his sixteenth birthday. ...

Source: Article "Kenny Clarke" from Wikipedia in English, licensed under CC-BY-SA 3.0.

Kenneth Spearman Clarke, connu sous le nom de Kenny Clarke, né le 9 janvier 1914 à Pittsburgh et mort le 26 janvier 1985 à Montreuil-sous-Bois, surnommé «Klook» (en référence à une onomatopée inventée par lui: «the klook-a-mop»), est un batteur de jazz américain, une figure majeure du style bebop, avec Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, Charles Mingus, Thelonious Monk, puis du style cool avec Miles Davis et John Lewis, créateur avec Dante Agostini d'une école de batterie et cofondateur avec Francy Boland du Clarke-Boland Big Band.

Avec Jo Jones, Art Blakey, Max Roach, Louie Bellson, Buddy Rich, Connie Kay il a donné les lettres de noblesses à la batterie.

Kenny Clarke est le fils de Charles Spearman, un tromboniste, et de Martha Grace Scott, une pianiste. Peu de temps après sa naissance son père abandonne sa famille, puis sa mère décède le 10 mai 1919 alors qu'il a cinq ans. Avec son frère Chuck, il est placé dans un foyer pour enfants orphelins, le Coleman Industrial Home for Negro Boys, là un enseignant, M. Moore, repère les aptitudes du jeune Kenny pour la musique, après s'être essayé à la trompette, au trombone, au saxophone et d'autres cuivres et n'en avoir trouvé aucun à son goût, Moore suggère à Kenny de se mettre à la caisse claire.

Il fait ses études secondaires à la Herron Hill Junior High School de Pittburgh, il y étudie le piano, le vibraphone et la théorie musicale, il quitte son établissement à l'âge de seize ans.

Au début des années 1940, il est le batteur du Minton's Playhouse un club de jazz de New York et participe ainsi à de nombreuses jam sessions (notamment avec Cousin Joe) qui donnent naissance au jazz moderne. Il joue aussi avec Charlie Christian en 1941.

Clarke est membre fondateur du Modern Jazz Quartet (appelé au début Milt Jackson Quartet) en 1951. Il est remplacé par Connie Kay en 1955.

Il participe également à de nombreuses sessions pour Savoy dont il est le batteur principal.

En 1956, il s'installe définitivement en France. Il joue régulièrement avec les musiciens américains de passage à Paris. Il forme, entre autres, un trio («The Three Bosses») avec Bud Powell et Pierre Michelot. Dans les années 1960 il accompagne le saxophoniste Dexter Gordon avec lequel il enregistre l'album Our Man in Paris (Blue Note, 1963). En 1961, il crée un Big band avec le pianiste Francy Boland, le Clarke-Boland Big Band, composé de musiciens européens et de musiciens américains expatriés. Ce big band, créé à l'initiative du producteur italien Gigi Campi8, dura onze années.

À partir de 1968, Kenny Clarke fait partie pendant 10 ans du quatuor avec orgue du clarinettiste Jean-Christian Michel, avec lequel il enregistre cinq albums et donne de nombreux concerts en Europe. Durant quelque temps, il accompagne également Claude Nougaro avec Eddy Louiss avec lequel il forme un trio (avec Jimmy Gourley puis René Thomas). ...

Source: Article "Kenny Clarke" de Wikipédia en français, soumis à la licence CC-BY-SA 3.0.