罗伯特·安森·海因莱因（1907 年 7 月 7 日 - 1988 年 5 月 8 日）是美国科幻作家。他通常被称为“科幻作家的院长”，是该类型中最有影响力和最具争议的作家之一。他为科学和工程的合理性设定了高标准，并帮助提高了该流派的文学质量标准。他是 1940 年代后期最早闯入《星期六晚邮报》等主流综合杂志的作家之一，其科幻小说毫不掩饰。他是现代大众市场时代畅销长篇科幻小说的第一批作者之一。多年来，海因莱因、艾萨克·阿西莫夫和亚瑟·克拉克被称为科幻小说的“三巨头”。

海因莱因是著名的科幻短篇小说作家，他是《惊人》杂志编辑小约翰·W·坎贝尔（John W. Campbell， Jr.）培养的一批作家之一——尽管海因莱因本人否认坎贝尔对他的写作产生了很大程度的影响。

在他的科幻小说框架内，海因莱因反复整合了可识别的社会主题：个人自由和自力更生的重要性，个人对社会的义务，有组织的宗教对文化和政府的影响，以及社会压制不墨守成规思想的倾向。他还研究了肉体和情感之爱之间的关系，探索了各种非正统的家庭结构，并推测了太空旅行对人类文化习俗的影响。他对这些主题的反传统态度导致了人们对他作品的截然不同的看法，并试图在他的作品上贴上相互矛盾的标签。他 1961 年的小说《陌生土地上的陌生人》使他出人意料地扮演了性革命和反主流文化的吹笛者的角色，通过这本书，他因普及一夫多妻制的概念而受到赞誉。

海因莱因的四部小说获得了雨果奖;此外，在出版五十年后，他的三部作品被授予“复古雨果奖”——该奖项是多年来雨果奖未获颁的回顾性奖项。他还获得了美国科幻作家协会颁发的首届大师奖，以表彰他的终身成就。在他的小说中，海因莱因创造了已成为英语一部分的单词，包括“grok”和“waldo”，并普及了“TANSTAAFL”一词。

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Robert Anson Heinlein (July 7, 1907 – May 8, 1988) was an American science fiction writer. Often called "the dean of science fiction writers", he was one of the most influential and controversial authors of the genre. He set a high standard for science and engineering plausibility and helped to raise the genre's standards of literary quality. He was one of the first writers to break into mainstream, general magazines such as The Saturday Evening Post, in the late 1940s, with unvarnished science fiction. He was among the first authors of bestselling, novel-length science fiction in the modern, mass-market era. For many years, Heinlein, Isaac Asimov, and Arthur C. Clarke were known as the "Big Three" of science fiction.

Heinlein was a notable writer of science-fiction short stories, and he was one of a group of writers who were groomed in their writing by John W. Campbell, Jr. the editor of Astounding magazine—though Heinlein himself denied that Campbell influenced his writing to any great degree.

Within the framework of his science fiction stories, Heinlein repeatedly integrated recognizable social themes: The importance of individual liberty and self-reliance, the obligation individuals owe to their societies, the influence of organized religion on culture and government, and the tendency of society to repress non-conformist thought. He also examined the relationship between physical and emotional love, explored various unorthodox family structures, and speculated on the influence of space travel on human cultural practices. His iconoclastic approach to these themes led to wildly divergent perceptions of his works and attempts to place mutually contradictory labels on his work. His 1961 novel Stranger in a Strange Land put him in the unexpected role of a pied piper of the sexual revolution, and of the counterculture, and through this book he was credited with popularizing the notion of polyamory.

Heinlein won Hugo Awards for four of his novels; in addition, fifty years after publication, three of his works were awarded "Retro Hugos"—awards given retrospectively for years in which Hugo Awards had not been awarded. He also won the first Grand Master Award given by the Science Fiction Writers of America for his lifetime achievement. In his fiction, Heinlein coined words that have become part of the English language, including "grok" and "waldo", and popularized the term "TANSTAAFL".

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